BD GENOMES

 

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GENOMES ARE THE COMPLETE SET OF GENETIC MATERIAL (DNA OR RNA) OF AN ORGANISM. THE GENOME CONTAINS ALL THE INFORMATION NECESSARY FOR AN ORGANISM TO DEVELOP, GROW, AND FUNCTION. THE STUDY OF GENOMES IS CALLED GENOMICS, AND IT ENCOMPASSES THE ANALYSIS OF GENETIC INFORMATION AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL.

 

THE GENOME OF AN ORGANISM CAN VARY GREATLY IN SIZE AND COMPLEXITY. FOR EXAMPLE, THE GENOME OF A BACTERIUM MAY CONSIST OF A SINGLE, CIRCULAR DNA MOLECULE CONTAINING A FEW THOUSAND GENES, WHILE THE GENOME OF A HUMAN CONTAINS OVER THREE BILLION BASE PAIRS OF DNA, ORGANIZED INTO 23 PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES, AND ENCODING AN ESTIMATED 20,000-25,000 GENES.